Camera Angles and Editing

FoDefinitions of Camera Shots

Long shot: Shows the whole image, for example it would show a whole person, and not just their face or another part of their body.

Medium shot: If it was a person, then this would only show from the waist up. So it is only half the object.

Close up: This is where you focus on one part of the image, so basically it could just be of someone's face.

Shot reverse shot: This is where one character is shown looking at another character who would be off screen, and then it going to the other character looking back at the first original character.

High angle shots: This is where the camera is located high so it is looking down on the object in focus.

Low angle shots: This is where the camera is locarted low, and then it would be looking up to the object in focus.

Tracking shot: This is where the camera is placed on a track and then is moving but watching where it goes. For example, a bit like when you look out of your car window whilst in motion.

Pan: This is the horizontal motion of the camera moving. So for example, if someone was looking over some fields. They would start facung the left but after looking all around they would end on the right.

Tilt: A tilt shot is where the camera is only slightly looking up or down at the object in focus.

Definition of styles of Editing

Continuity: This is the consistency in a film or tv programme of characters and plot etc. For example if in an episode of eastenders, they cut between two scenes. Both in the same place but in one scene it was raining, but the other was not. When they are in the same place and at the same time. This would be bad continuity. Good continiuity would be if the weatehr was the same in both places.

Montage: This consists of a sequence of shots that are put together to condence narrative.

Transitions: A transisiton is how you get to one clipm to the other. This is where you must be careful on the continuity that you use. Wipes is a type of this.

Cross cutting/paralell editing: A technique used in which shots of two or more separate, usually concurrent scenes in interwoven.

Dissolve: Is gradual transition to one image to another.

Miss Frearson - Research

What impact does digital technology have on the uk film industry?

"Last year, less than 100 films (out of 505 released in the UK) accounted for more than 80% of the total box office generated. The good news is, audience for non-mainstream films is growing year on year. When cinema-goers know when and where they're being screened – so-called non-mainstream films like Brokeback Mountain, March of the Penguins, Closer, Volver and Pan's Labyrinth can attract large audiences."

This quote was taken from the Uk Film Council Site. My theory is that if this is true now, then if the digital technology allows digital distribution to come into play more then it means it will be cheaper to send out more films and it means that film industrys will be able to sell their films more and to make more money. This will obviously have a big impact on the industry.

Digital Screen Network basically means that with it, we can cut the prices of screening cost. It costs around one tenth of what a 35mm print does. It is a cheaper way to show films. This information was taken from; http://www.ukfilmcouncil.org.uk/dsn.

New Technology

How have new technologies allowed film institutions to target audiences?


Production

As new technology progresses, film companies have more ability to create bigger and more creative films. This helps them to appeal to a larger audience and expand their 'bullseye'. Things like HD cameras allow the filming to look better and create more advanced effects that will attract the audiences to go and watch the film.



Marketing

New technology, including social networking sites help the film companies to promote their new films. This means that the more advertising there is, the more people will know about the film and more people will go and see the film. This means that more money will go into the film so they make more money, and it also means that whoever created the film can have a bigger budget because they will have a bigger bullseye.



Distribution
Now that we have modern technology, it allows us to use more of digital distribution. This is cheaper and faster. There is a powerpoint on my blog which shows the advantages and disadvantages of digitial distirbution, and with modern technology it allows us to be able to achieve this because there are more advantages than dis advantages.




Exhibition
Exhibition becomes easier now because we have digital distirbution. It also becomes cheaper because of modern techonology.

How have new technologies affected the position of the consumer?

Now that there is new and more technology it allows the consumer to have more power over the film and whether it does do well. This is because they have the power on whether to go see it or not, because i they don't then the film won't do well.

Inspiration for Music

This music inspired me alot. For our film opening we want a suspence opening and we thought that some music like this would create the type of atmosphere that we want. The only thing with this music, is that we don't want it to be cheesy and with this it could be percieved that way. We also wouldn't be able to use this exact song because it would be copyrighted. We could though, get some music which resembles this.

Digital Distribution

View more presentations from lukey990.

Coursework Research

For the coursework, Me and Abbi are going to work together.
We will create a 2 minute film opening.
Here are some film openings that inspire us;






These are the opening titles to Spiderman 2. This inspired us because we liked the fact it was very close to reality but was a cartoon. We thought that the colours were very effective and we liked the fact that the background was spider man's costume. It was done like a spider's web which creates realism. Although this is a really good opening, it would be too hard for us to create, but we are hoping to have colours which stand out just like this does.





This is the opening credits to Casino Royale, which is one of the newest James Bond films. This one inspired me because i felt that the idea of James Bond's openings work very well. They are the same for every film. They have about 5 minute action, or talking and then they have a small cliff hanger and then they have a song which is the theme song for that film, and then have credits. I like the credits to this film because they have clearly been recorded as normal action, and then changed into cartoon. You can tell this by the black figure playing James Bond, because it is very alike to the actor who plays James Bond. This is Daniel Craig.

This is an optical illusion. This inspires us because we both like the idea of something being different to what it first seems. For example, in this we see two old people, but when you look closer we see two people sitting on a path playing instruments. We are not sure how we would put something like this into a film opening but we could at least think about different elements which we could include.

This inspires us because of the colour in the poster because of the colour. For example the dark background and the contrast between the two people. We also really like the colour used in the film which you can see on this trailer;

Calvin Klein Advertisement Annotation

Calvin Klein Advertisement - Annotation

Marketing

On average 50% of a film's budget is spent on advertising to promote the film.

Merchandise is things like T Shirts, posters and cups. It could also be things like toys that you buy in a shop, quilt cover's and anything that is personlised to that film.

Viral Marketing is basically word of mouth. Somebody could read something on a website, tell their friend, and that person tells someone, until alot of people are talking about it.

Synergy Marketing is when you use the success of another existing company to promote your own. For example the 2009 film 'Up' used the success of McDonalds to advertise their film.

Product Placement is when companies are promoted through the use of a film, for example Aston Martin uses James Bond to promote themselves.



Bridget Jones' Diary (2001)
The film company produced a soundtrack for the movie, using Product Placement.
They produced calendars as merchandise to help more promotion with the film.
Below is a trailer that they used for advertising and marketing.

Laura Mulvey's Theory of the Male Gaze

This is an advert which shows evidence of the male gaze.
This backs up what Mulvey's theory is, because here, Kylie, the model is being watched by the men's view. It is compeltely for the men. This might appeeal so they can buy the underwear for their partner's. It could appeal to women also, it might show them that if they wear this underwear, then they can look like kylie.

Here, is a Calvin Klein advert which does the same.

Marjorie Ferguson & Trevor Millun

Marjorie Ferguson
Marjorie Ferguson identified four different camera shots. These are different ways that the male gaze looks at women.
These are the;
Chocolate Box: A slight smile, teeth not very visible, lips together, not showing the full on face.
Romantic or Sexual: Includes both a male and a female, very dream like, very sexual.
Invitaional: A lot of emphisis on the model's eyes, mouth closed but still smiling, head to the side.
Super Smiler: Shows the full face with a big teeth smile, head tilted forward or to the back.

Trevor Millun
Trevor Millun identified another five different shots.
Seductive: Eyes less wide, expressions are small, Confident looking.
Carefree: Active and healthy, could be to do with sports.
Practical: Concentrating, mouth closed, eyes foccussed.
Comic: Comical, exagerated, being a little bit stupid.
Catalogue: Tend to have eyes open and a big smile, quite dummy like.

Promoting Films

Production Practices are used to appeal
Distrubtion and Marketing are used to raise awareness.

There are two type's of advertising.
Above the line, and Below the line.
Above the line is something you can't get away from it. For example, magazines, trailers, big film premieres. Below the line is the idea of having to look for it. For example, social networking and on websites.

The upcoming films 2012, A serious Man and Bunny and the Bull use the following strategies to advertise the film:

• Having their own websites
• Trailers
• Posters
• Billboards
• Premiere
• Well known Actors and established actors
• Facebook Page's and other websites on social networking
• Viral Websites
• Blogs
  

These are all used to attract audience's and to get them to come and watch these films that will be out next year.

Four Weddings and a Funeral is a film which was out in the 90's, so obviously the different types of marketing and advertising would be different.

This film used:

• A website on imbd.
• Poster's
• Billboard's

When this film was out, there was alot less advertising and marketing because they don't have some of the modern technology we have today.

The Male Gaze

The Male gaze can be described as a femist reference to the voyeuristic way in which men look at women. To gaze means, more than to just look at.
Forms of Gaze:

• Specator's Gaze
• Intra-digetic gaze
• Direct address to the viewer
• To look at the camera
• The gaze of a bystander
• The gaze of an audience with a text

Trevor Millan:
He distinguished between forms of attention to his study of women in magazines.

Paul Messorsis:
He notes that traditionally me do not look directly into the camera, although during the past two decades, there has been a noteable countentrend in male orienatated advertising. He says that the female modeld in ads are looked at from a male on looker. He says that the women is sexualised.

Laura Mulvey:
She says that the male gaze is visual pleasure. It is Active male/ passive female. She says that the women is the image and the man is the on looker. She says it is voyeurstic and fethistic.

There are some criticims to Laura Mulvey's Theory. These Are:

• A Failure to account for a female specator
• Looks only at the spectator as a hetreosexual male
• Since 1980's there has been an inscreaing display and sexualisation at the male body in mainstream cinema and telvision and in advertising.
  

Shameless Evaluation

How is each character represented in the first episode of Shameless series one?



Fiona

Fiona is the daughter of Frank, but she is seen more as the mother figure in the family. There is one camera shot in the episode where Frank is lying drunk on the floor. The camera is by Frank's face looking up to Fiona who is sitting in the chair. To me, this shows power, and the fact that she is the one in charge. The mise en scene gives us the impression that Fiona, along with the rest of the family live on a typicial council estate and are very "cheap" and to even some extend could be called "scummy", from the look of Frank. The tracksuit she wears, along with her big hooped earings could portray the image of a typical stereotype of a Chav.





Steve

The first time that we see Steve is in the club. As soon as we see him we can tell that he is probabaly from a different type of background to Fiona. For example, he is wearing a suit, which already shows that he is more wealthy than Fiona. Also, the next day when we see Frank and Steve near each other, we notice that they are very alike, for example, they have the same hairstyle. This could maybe say that Frank is a big infulence on Fiona, hence why we see Steve like this.




Lip

Lip comes across as a typical teenage boy, but we find out that he is so much more than that. He also comes across as maybe fitting the whole "Chav" stereptype. We actually learn that he is the smartest of the family, because he tutors other kids. Also, his reaction to his brother being gay is also a very important part to him, because it seems that at first he is very shocked, but when thinking about it in more depth, we realise that actually, he loves him and cares for him, and is worried that he might get hurt.




Ian

Ian is the brother to Lip who he clearly has a strong relationship with. He seems just like a normal teenage boy, except he is gay. Not only is he gay, but he is having an affair with his boss, or somebody who he works with. Who is a middle aged man, who is married, and is also religious. This gives the impression that maybe the couple are using each other. I think that Ian is the hardest charecters to work out.

Production Practises and Film Budgets

How do the institutions budget effect the production practises they use to make a film appeal to the target audience?

The budget that the institution is given effects the production practises in drastic ways. Having a big huge budget and huge actors in a film will obviously help it become bigger and give it a bigger bulls eye. When you don't have a big budget then you have more of a challenge to make the bulls eye as big as you possibly can. Working title generally have a bigger budget than what Warp films have. 'Dead Man's shoes' had a budget of £723,000. The audience for this film is mostly men, and when watching it, you can tell that the production team had this target audience in mind. This means that again, they have a bigger bulls eyes because they only have one lot of people to appeal for. They appeal to this audience by trying to get the audience watching it, to relate to it. They do this by having Home video's at the start of the film. This helps the audience relate to the people on screen straight away, because everyone has home video's from the past, so everyone who watches it can relate to it. It is like looking back on memories, which again, everyone can relate to. Also, the setting must appeal to the audience, because most of it is all outside, so it is clearly real. This gives it a sense of realism. They also do this by using just room lighting, because this is very realistic and not un natural. With this film as well, there is also some improvisation going on. Shane Meadows said it an interview that he likes to have a strong relationship with his actors, and lets them do the script how they like, which does give a sense of improvisation. This lets the audience feel more related to the film because it is not scripted. It is coming straight out. They also use simple effects on screen which also gives it a sense of realism. It also shows a contrast between the real world and what is happening the film. It gives the audience a chance to escape, this is escapism. The audience escapes their world, to watch some one Else's, when actually, they are not that different.
The budget for "This is England" was £1,500,000. This is a larger budget than Dead man's shows, but no where near as large as Hot Fuzz. The target audience for This is England is a lot wider. This is because it can also appeal to women. This is because it is more lighthearted and also has a very like able main character. This allows women to enjoy it more. Again, it also has clips of real life at the start, so the audience can relate to the film straight away. It also has political views in the film so anyone interested in that side of the life would be interested in this film. The mise en scene is all to do with the 1980's. This give's it a much more relastic look to the film. It is also filmed on a prefabricated set. This also helps bring the film to life because it is on a set that is already there.
The budget for "Hot Fuzz" was £8,000,000. This is the largest film budget and the only film out of all 3 which is a working title film. Dead man's shoes and This is England, are both Warp Films. You can tell this film has a bigger budget because they can afford established comedic actors. From doing this they are having big named actors in their films, and also, it puts across that it is a comedy because it has actors in which usually do comedy films. It has been created by the same production team as Shaun of the Dead, with the same actors in. This helps create a loyalty base, so anyone who enjoyed Shaun of the Dead will want to see this film as well. Also, because of the way the film has been edited, it gives a sence of it being quite un naturalistic and realistic. It is like a fake version of real life. This allows us to be able to laugh at it. Even though it is real to some extent, for example, it deals with contemporay issues like drink driving and under age drinking, but they do it in a comical way. At the start of the film we also see some british land marks. This will appeal to the british public as it reminds them off home.
My conclusion to this is that, having a big budget would be great, but it is not necisarilly the only way to get a big bullseye. Dead man's shoes was a big film, and only had a small budget, yet Hot Fuzz was also a big film, with a big budget.

Film Budgets

The film budget for Hot Fuzz was £8,000,000. They wanted to achieve a comedy which entertain's it's audience. Comedies generally sell themselves easily.

The film budget for This is england was £1,500,000. Here, they wanted to achieve a realistic insight to and older society and more of a poor background, eg, not having it all.

The film budget for Dead Man's shoes was £723,000. This film was a thriller, so they wanted to achieve something that was scary and shocked audience's. This was done by a complex storyline.

Stereotypes - Homosexuality

Homosexuality

View more presentations from lukey990.